Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process associated with disorders in the endocrine system, which develops as the consequences of the relative or absolute causes of the lack of insulin hormone. The result is a strong increase in glucose concentration in blood torrent (hyperglycemia factor).
A characteristic feature of the disease is a violation of metabolism at all systemic levels and a chronic course. To perform the complexity of diabetes more deeply, the danger of multiple disorders that accompany the disease, it is necessary to reveal thoroughly the concepts of the energy entity and metabolic processes.
For the harmonious functioning of all body systems, energy is vital. The body cannot generate independently, so it consumes it of external resources.
One of the special and important transporters of unique energy is the food base. Carbohydrate complexes, as food components, are supplied to people organisms within 50-75% of energy as a whole.
Carbohydrates are the most multiple organic substances on the surface of the earth, they remain at the cellular level in all living. They transfer energy to the organs, giving life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body itself does not synthesize carbohydrates, but takes them with food. The greatest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharide) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, the second - cellulose, starch, glycogen. The assimilation of all types occurs with various degrees of speed. Monosaccharides, as an energy base, enter the bloodstream at a fast pace, producing a strong increase in sugar level. The polysaccharide assimilation process is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the excretion of toxic and complex scum substances.
Glucose is a dominant energy supplier, it is not free in food publication. Its formation occurs through the decomposition of third -party carbohydrates during food processing, after which it is transported to the blood. The sugar level invariably increases at the same time. Then, under the control and action of insulin, glucose passes to a cage. After moving inside, glucose carries out a metabolic process.
Sugar process adjustment
The primary function in the adjustment of the metabolic processes of carbohydrates belongs to the pancreatic hormone - insulin. The pancreatic (pancreas) is an organ responsible for the functionality and the development of internal and external secretion. Internal secretion produces antagonistic hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretion contributes to the development of a substance that normalizes digestion. These hormones occur feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and glucagon increases.
With a higher level of glucose, insulin is thrown into the bloodstream and causes glucose penetration in the cell. Food contributes to the addition of insulin, so sugar does not increase, its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which, as necessary, is transformed into glucose. With a glucose deficiency, glucagon retains glycogen, successfully transferring it to the consistency of glucose, rather than giving energy to the body.
The normal glucose level varies from 75 to 115 mg/dl in the morning, before eating. Then, after eating, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Types of diabetes
- insulin dependent form (type 1 diabetes mellitus);
- Insulinone -dependent form (type 2 diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells for the development of the correct amount of insulin (production may be absent). The causes of such failures are the complete death of the cells of the gland and the adverse factors: viruses, tensions, a weak immune system, incorrect feeding, inflammation in any way directly in pancreatic and in excess of fat.
Type 1 diabetes requires mandatory insulin injections according to strict graphics.
The second type of disease, dependent on insulin, is more common, characterized by the development of a sufficient insulin standard, but the body does not perceive it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The causes are different: from obesity to the diseases of the internal organs, the thyroid gland and the pituitary gland. An important point is the use of medications of different spectrum.
Signs
With both types of disease, sugar cannot absorb at the cellular level, and is rooted in blood cells, which forces them to die in a energetically. The diabetes signs of both types are the same: this is multiple urine, in large quantities, the desire to drink many fluids, reduce body weight with good nutrition, greater fatigue, low regeneration of the skin, the appearance of wounds and purulent formations.
The differences in the signs are only the following: the first type is developed in the shortest possible time and is quite bright. In patients with the second type of ailment, it proceeds latent, without signs and can make you feel random. In the urine examined from such people, there is sugar, whose presence is abnormal. In patient urine, the first type is sugar and acetone.
Treatment
The first type is treated with constant insulin injections according to the schedule, and if type 2 diabetes has been developed,A hypoglycemic treatment with medications that reduce sugar concentration is prescribed. The moment of an integrated approach and adequate therapy is important here.
Oral medications
- In the initial stage of the disease, the treatment of glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylmochevine preparations are effective.
- Medications - Biguanides.
- Vegetable medications, popular remedies, several dietary supplements are effectively used in the treatment of diabetes.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is insidious and dangerous complications. In all directions, they crawl in silence and in the future they can cause disability and, often, deaths.
Possible problems
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease
- Disorders in the Gall system.
- Violation in the brain and malfunction in the blood supply.
- Diseases of visual channels and various injuries, possibly blindness.
Diet
Therapeutic food is scientifically called "Nine Nine Diet", which is strictly prescribed by order of the doctor, by the type of disease. It is important to focus on the directed principle, for example, the exclusion of fried, spicy, salty and spicy food. Below with canned white spaces and alcohol, also remove sweets. Strict control and fat limitation, fractional food techniques. Diet in diabetes is the main component of maintaining a relatively normal state.
With type 1 diabetes
The dietary rules with this type are aimed at the correct calculation of the bread or carbohydrates in food. It is important not food in itself, but quantitative parameters.
The account is maintained: consumption of individual food with 7-8 units of bread, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, an insulin dose and an amount of bread in units are always calculated before meals. The completely sweet liquid is excluded from any kind.
With type 2 diabetes
Here, most importantly, to stabilize carbohydrate processes. In the treatment, exercise and a decrease in food consumption are used due to calorie content. The calculation is carried out by an individual program.
Allowed products
- Fungi and vegetable broth, beet soup, okroshka, decoction of low fat fish.
- Pieces of beef, veal, rabbit, rabbit, chicken fillet.
- Types of rye bread and wheat, bran.
- Fishless fish: You can boil and bake.
- Small cheeses, sour kitchen, yogurts.
- The egg is up to 2 pieces per week and only protein. The yolk is occasionally.
- Mijo, barley porridge, Sarracene wheat, oatmeal and barley pearl
- Salad foliage, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage and eggplant. Vegetables are preferably boiled and baked. The potatoes are very small.
- Fruits and berries without sweetness, for example, apples, grapefruit. Jues and compotes in a sorbiti.
Prohibited products
- Fat meat.
- Fatty meat of any kind.
- Cakes, rolls, Sdoba.
- Bigwig.
- Any type of pickles and smoking.
- Fish and meat in canned products, in oil solutions, caviar.
- All salty cheeses, cottage cheese species, butter.
- White varieties of rice, semolina and pasta in any form.
- Salt and marinades, vegetables of the bean family.
- Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, jam, chocolate.
- Grapes, peach and other species with greater sweetness.
With alarm signs, it is necessary to go to doctors immediately if the diabetes symptoms are found and the appropriate preventive measures and the treatment course begin. Prevention is especially important for those who have a genetic tendency to type 2 diabetes, excess body weight or pathology in pancreatic.
Today, the patient with this ailment has relevant and real opportunities to avoid difficulties and remain at a high level of qualitative living. Any person can avoid and stop the spread of the consequences of the disease. Any disease is easily accessible to all kinds intended to treat diabetes. This is a wide range of plant and synthetic variants of drugs, insulin preparations, devices for your body contribution, control devices.
Today, unique courses and seminars destined to teach patients are available. High class experts, professionals in their field in accessible and informatively are introduced in the course of any desire and suffering in all the issues related to the disease.
Important rules for diabetics
- Constant verification and consult with a cardiologist to avoid the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Difficult pressure control.
- Frequent visit to the ophthalmological office, verifying the visual apparatus.
- Verify the status of blood vessels and the joints of the lower extremities.
- Staying in fresh air is enough.